| 
Sample report for adhesive category. Other reports may vary in format.
|
| 15.27xEA - Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - European Adhesives
|
|
|
 |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) includes information on polymers of all molecular weights formed from the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. This thermoplastic polymer is used in a wide spectrum of fabricated goods, including extruded, calendered and molded products. Unlike many other polymers and copolymers, PVC has limited solubility, compatibility and thermal stability which restricts adhesive usage to specific areas. It should be noted that the solution grade vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers are not included in this raw material category but may be found in the Other Vinyl section of this study.
Resin Types
The PVC resins used in adhesives are suspension or emulsion polymerized products. The suspension resins are recovered as powders which are dissolved in strong solvents and used as solvent borne adhesives. The powdered products are also used as blending resins in the formulation of some 100% solids plastisol adhesives and as powder adhesives.
The emulsion polymerized resins are used as PVC latexes in water borne adhesives. These resins are also recovered, usually via spray drying, as fine particle size powders. These are commonly referred to as dispersion grade PVC resins. Dispersion products are used as the major resin component of plastisol adhesive, coating, molding and sealant compounds.
The PVC polymers used in adhesives are most often vinyl chloride homopolymers. However, copolymers containing low concentrations of vinyl acetate are used in some low fusion plastisol adhesives, e.g., products for heat sensitive substrates.
Adhesive Types and Applications
PVC polymers can potentially find use in four basic adhesive technologies:
· 1-Part Non-Volatile (Plastisols)
· Water Borne
· Solvent Borne
· Powders
A brief description of 1-part non-volatile and solvent technologies and the adhesive end use applications in which they are used, follows:
1-Part Non-Volatile (Plastisols)
Plastisols represent the largest volume adhesive usage of PVC polymers. A plastisol is a 100% non-volatile liquid composition that is a physical mixture of finely sized PVC polymer particles and liquid plasticizers, such as phthalates and epoxidized oils. A heat stabilizer and an acid scavenger, such as a liquid epoxy resin, is normally included as part of the plastisol formulation. Inorganic fillers are also sometimes included to reduce cost. Liquid plastisols have reasonably good viscosity stability at ambient temperatures. However, when a plastisol is subject to elevated temperatures (300-400° F), the plasticizer solvates the suspended PVC polymer particles, resulting in a permanently cured or fused composition. Physical properties of the fused plastisol will vary depending upon the plasticizer concentration and type. The cured product may be a soft, rubber-like material or a tough, hard solid. Plastisols have the unique ability to absorb or bond through certain types of surface contaminants, such as mill oils, often found in metal substrates. This property, plus good economics and gap filling properties, result in usage in a variety of semi-structural automotive and appliance assembly applications and in textile and carpet bonding end uses.
Plastisol adhesive formulations consumed for automotive and appliance assembly applications usually contain only 25-35% PVC resin. A typical composition consists of 100 parts of PVC polymer; 200-300 parts of inert filler, such as calcium carbonate; 100 parts of one or more plasticizers; and 20-50 parts of stabilizers, acid scavengers, adhesion promoters, crosslinker resins, etc. The PVC resin component may be totally dispersion grade polymer or a blend of 75-85% dispersion polymer and 15-25% suspension grade blending resin.
Plastisol assembly adhesives are commonly referred to as Hershey Drop compounds because they are used in metal to metal applications and are applied as spot bonds . . . similar to spot welds. Plastisol adhesives provide rigidity and structural integrity in the bonding of metal reinforcing beams to sheet metal surfaces. Applications include automotive rear deck, hook, door panel, etc., and large appliance assemblies. In addition to structural bonding, the Hershey Drop method of adhesive assembly also provides a degree of sound deadening and vibration/flutter reduction.
The plastisols employed as assembly adhesives are similar in composition to the plastisol compounds which are used as sealants in automotive and some appliance products. However, the volume estimates provided in this study include only adhesive end uses.
Plastisol adhesives are also used by the textile and carpet industries. Textile bonding end uses include film lamination and tie coats. These applications most often involve film to fabric bonding, the predominant fabrics being nylon and polyester. Formulations usually contain 50% or more PVC dispersion grade resin. Filler levels are low.
Solvent Borne
Solvent borne PVC adhesives are used to bond various PVC substrates. PVC pipe joint cement is the major application. However, solvent based products are also used in some specialty industrial and consumer products, such as vinyl patching adhesives. Solvent borne PVC adhesives are prepared by dissolving suspension grade PVC resin in a strong solvent, usually tetrahydrofuran (THF). Typical resin content is 10-20%. The strong solvent solvates the substrate and facilitates solvent bonding, while the dissolved resin prevents premature solvent evaporation and helps to fill voids between mated substrate surfaces. Most commercial adhesives are formulated from virgin PVC polymer and contain little or no filler or pigment. However, some pipe joint cements are prepared by simply dissolving molding (pipe) grade PVC compound. These products contain higher filler/pigment concentrations which are introduced as components of the PVC compound.
This resin classification market report on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) estimates 2003 demand with a historical perspective back to 1998 as well as forecasts through 2008 within the Europe / European Adhesives Industry. |
|
| Report Table of Contents |
|
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Report - Europe / European Adhesives Industry - RAW MATERIAL Market
Market Information - Forecasting Size and Growth Trends
Regional Information - Forecasting Trends
Market Segmentation Information and Driving Forces
Formulative Technology Information – Forecasting Size and Growth Trends
Growth Opportunities – Size and Growth Trend
|
|
